  
Biological Properties and Actions
VITAMIN C
- Essential nutrient for humans.
- Growth factor for cells and tissues. Promotes biosynthesis,
growth, and repair of the connective tissue components collagen
and glycosaminoglycans.
- Promotes optimal skin health and helps maintain the integrity
of skin and connective tissue.
- Prevents degeneration of the walls of small blood vessels
in the skin.
- Free–radical scavenger. Reacts with oxidative radicals
to prevent cellular damage.
- Sunscreen action absorbs ultraviolet light. UV–absorbing
properties protect the skin from free–radical damage
and helps maintain the lens of the eye.
ESTER–C®
- Patented (U.S. Patent #4,822,816). Body–Ready®.
Non–acidic.
- A pilot study of 54 men supplemented with a one-gram dose
of Ester–C®
ascorbate showed that the vitamin C metabolite threonate increased
the white blood cell (WBC) content of vitamin C at 24 hours.
Although the result of this randomized, double–blind
study was positive, it was not placebo controlled.
- Non–clinical laboratory studies of human and animal
cells and tissues indicate that threonate and other vitamin
C metabolites may increase cellular absorption of vitamin
C.
THREONATE
- Threonate delivery technology is also patented (U.S. Patent
#5,070,085). Vitamin C metabolites have been shown in animal
studies to affect the concentration of numerous pharmacologically
active agents in cells and body fluids.
- Part of the Ester–C®
ascorbate/metabolite complex.
- Principal vitamin C metabolite in patented Ester–C®
ascorbates.
- Threonate influences cellular absorption of vitamin C.
ZINC AND OTHER MINERALS
- Essential nutrients. Co–factors for hundreds of enzymes
involved in all aspects of cell replication, connective tissue
synthesis, and tissue structure.
- Promates optimal skin health and helps maintain the integrity
of skin and connective tissue.
- Hundreds of scientific studies show that zinc and vitamin
C work synergistically to heal wounds and maintain the integrity
of skin and connective tissues.
POLYGLYCOLS AND POLYOLS
- Safe, effective, and approved ingredients for cosmetics
and topical application.
- Provide excellent emulsifying action for complex oil/water
emulsions and liposome preparations.
- Superior emollients and humectants for skin care products.
- Contribute elegant finish to topical preparations.
- Known absorption enhancers.
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